A small study on Mathematical Tiles


Mathematical Tiles in Hampshire
Millions of people a year must pass these by without ever noticing, perhaps recognised by only a few dozen, perhaps this page will increase the number of those passing by knowingly, now. They manage to hide in plain sight, even escaping the notice of building surveyors. How to recognise them and what goes wrong with them, still existing from around Hampshire. Hampshire seems to have more variety of situations than Kent or Sussex, from bank to prison, kebab house to churches, terraced houses to country mansions. As of February 2016, 53 definite examples and 4 possibles in Hampshire and 13 and 2 possible on the Isle of Wight. You are never farther than fifteen miles from an example of mathematical tiling in Hampshire, and if there was a proven example in the Andover area, then more like 10 miles. A uniquely British phenomenon, and if not for the Penryn example , a uniquely English phenomenon.
For Heritage Open Days, 8-11 September 2016, I designed a walk and talk on mathematical tiles. 2017 heritage weekend, extending to including Gosport as well.
https://www.heritageopendays.org.uk/visiting/event/mathematical-tiles
https://www.heritageopendays.org.uk/visiting/event/mathematical-tiles-in-salisbury
https://www.heritageopendays.org.uk/visiting/event/mathematical-tiles-in-winchester
https://www.heritageopendays.org.uk/visiting/event/mathematical-tiles-in-gosport
For a followup of a new discovery on that walk in 2016, see 33 The Close Salisbury, below. And followup for 2017 , see Hyde Street , Winchester
Considering 2017 seems to be a year to celebrate Jane Austen. There seems to be a curious connection or coincidence between her and mathematical tiles. Her house in Chawton has one wall covered in them (see below ), her 18th birthday celebrated in Southampton at the Dolphin Hotel has some (see below), the house of a family friend in Alton she often visited has them (see below) and in 2017 a statue of her has been erected in Basingstoke in a street with about 6 or 7 examples of them (see below)
01 March 2017, I gave a well attended talk to King John House, Romsey, Wednesday Talks title: Mathematical Tiles in Romsey and Hampshire. http://kingjohnshouse.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017-programme-draft-anne.jpg After the talk , we made a new discovery relating to the tiles in Romsey, see below
21 March 2016, I gave a talk to City of Southampton Society
title: Mathematical Tiles in Southampton and Hampshire.
I gave an earlier version of it to the Southampton Science Cafe in February 2015, in place of a scheduled speaker , who could not make it. Southampton Science Cafe talk, part way into this page .

If anyone would like to submit their own pics of buildings mentioned below but are beyond public viewing, or anyone aware of other Hampshire examples, not mentioned, or recent changes eg gale damage to ones described here, my email address is towards the end of Part 3.


Southampton
Tudor House Museum, Bugle St, Southampton
On a rear wall, beyond the rear door of the banquetting room , turn immediately on your right through a door to the rear of the building and that external door is contained within the wall that has the mathematical tiles on it. Or if not going for a tour of the building, ask for directions to the cafe and the front-desk staff will direct you through the relevant door. Ignore the hanging tiles at the very highest level and ignore the commentary on the audio guide paddles which say these tiles are on the wall next to the facetted bay window overlooking the knot garden. Ignore the patch of replacement surface , where the railings are, don't know what they are, terracotta or brick slips perhaps replacing a patch of collapsed mathematical tiling presumably or bomb blast damage (see 49 Bugle St), but too smooth in texture and too pink in colour.
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, Tudor House
A lot of the identifying/suggestive features except the main one of fully viewing to a side. Perhaps someone could scrape the surplus mortar off the lowest 2 tiles in this pic of the external right side of the door framing. The cracking is along the line of the rear of the tiles, red arrow markers, giving the characteristic saw-tooth profile.
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, Tudor House
As a USP of this museum is building features , materials and techniques from Norman walls to 21C nitrogen fogging , fire suppression system. It would be nice to see more made of these mathematical tiles. After all, the crack will be letting in water whether there is mortar spread to the tiles or not. I happened to visit coinciding with an architect who liked the conducted tour of the attic and a geologist who enjoyed identifying the numerous differently sourced stone types used in the basement. Incidentally is the square recess in the basement wall, angled upward as a sort of flue, as that section was supposed to be a vault at some time. Was it a sort of early Lamson Tube (using string and gravity there) , as still used in the likes of Sainsbury and Asda supermarkets for secure ferrying of cash, or even a night deposit shute?. A view of the upper window set in the wall, taken from the attic space, showing the edge of one of the tiles.
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, Tudor House
I don't remember seeing this protective nod to MT walls before. Cylinders of cork to protect from ironwork damage, downpipe fixings here. Unfortunately a point of rainwater ingress unless there is sealant behind.
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, Tudor House
Red arrow showing the front lower edge of a displaced tile or severely warped tile, and 2 arrows to a patch of bulging tiles, failed backing, nail sickness or whatever.
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, Tudor House
The upper window where a lump of fill has fallen out showing the cut tile for a previous window frame perhaps.
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, Tudor House
Light single knuckle taping of about 12 "bricks", about 2 had the dull thud of brick and the rest various sorts of slightly reverberant/hollow sounds. So interesting but not conclusive test for mathematical tiles as it depends on the amount of bedding and adherence, if any. An aside. I'm not usually into gimmicks but I quite liked the initial A-V Harry Potteresque disembodied voices presentation for visitors in the banquetting room. A good reminder ,for non astronomers, what the night time light levels were like in earlier centuries. Similarly , with great succes, BBC series Wolf Hall, interior scenes filmed under candle light only.

Albert Rd, Southampton docks area

A new discovery for 2015, on more certain ground than Bugle St. Not in the publically accessible buildings record as MT, The Royal Albert Hotel, Albert Road South, Southampton. The upper faces of two sides and part return on a third face.
 Mathematical Tiles, Royal Albert, overall
When I veiwed it , looks like there has been lots of slipped tiles previously, but not any gaps. Unsympathetic patches of undyed mortar slapped in. Just two exposed edges of a tile , this one at a window reveal.
 Mathematical Tiles, Royal Albert, exposed side edge
A number of examples of gaps showing behind lower edges to tiles
 Mathematical Tiles, Royal Albert, exposed lower edge
similar
 Mathematical Tiles, Royal Albert,
A tile on its progression to falling out someday soon, showing the raked edge no evidence of the phantom core sampler doing his work on these facades (see Romsey below)

Alexandra Hotel, Bellevue Rd, Southampton

This pub has held a secret from the Victorian era. New discovery for 2015 also. Courtesy , not of a phantom core sampler but this time heating and ventillation contractor making a hole through the wall for a vent. Without this clue , not an inkling of evidence for MT on the upper story of this pub. Presumably pilot drilled from the outside , then large diameter coring bit from the inside and dangling through the window, the outside also. Neat hole under the middle upper window. The landlord , aware of some of the history of this pub, was not aware of the tiles . I should have asked him to open a window and give some of them a knuckle tap. The upper story does look a bit different to the middle storey but that could be just due to repointing at different times. Even so if one storey is tile and the ther is brick, even with the same clay, I would have thought over time there would be more difference in colouration and texture and even lichen coverage.
 Mathematical Tiles, Alexandra Hotel

Looking up from the pavement. The curved section is the entry porch roof. The narrow thickness of a tile in evidence, delineated from the backing.
 Mathematical Tiles, Alexandra Hotel

Overexposed view , the pink colour of the material behind probably means red brick, smeared with yellow tile dust.
 Mathematical Tiles, Alexandra Hotel

From another angle, the same apeature, as an inch or so above the lower edge then that much thicker than at the true lower edge.
 Mathematical Tiles, Alexandra Hotel

The uppermost coarse is different, lighter coloured, stucco/plaster faux "brick" to cover the working faces of the tiles ?
 Mathematical Tiles, Alexandra Hotel

Next attempt with x3 of camera and x15 of binoculars, straight on
 Mathematical Tiles, Alexandra Hotel
Eventually with a camera with gyro stbilising in the lens  Mathematical Tiles, Alexandra Hotel


New discovery for 2016, 9 Forest View that leads on to Cement Terrace, Southampton.
Presumably the street was named celebrating the new wonder material of Portland Cement, of the early Victorian era. Why no Kevlar Ave or Teflon Drive or Velcro Street these days ? So not derogatory in the manner of Steptoe and Son, Oil Drum Lane. Viewable tile edges denoted by red <, generally structurally very suspect looking parapet and facade if brick.
 Mathematical Tiles, 9 Forest View, Southampton

Very rare corner tiles, two of them , lower edges revealed, otherwise to be definitively seen only at Ringwood, Basingstoke and the Singleton Museum.
 Mathematical Tiles, 9 Forest View, Southampton

different viewing angle around the downpipe hopper.
 Mathematical Tiles, 9 Forest View, Southampton


New discovery 01 Feb 2016 so now 5 in Soton, rear of the Dolphin Hotel, High St, Southampton. Another building with a Jane Austen connection, this time in Southampton, see Chawton below for the main connection with her.
 Mathematical Tiles, Dolphin Hotel, Southampton

Not the ballroom (her 18th birthday spend there apparently) , some sort of very utilitarian extension at the rear, marked with red V.
 Mathematical Tiles, Dolphin Hotel, Southampton

Ignore the hanging tiles on the left, perhaps lost in the war when Holyrood Church was bombed.
 Mathematical Tiles, Dolphin Hotel, Southampton

Under the corner ,showing the second instance of exposed corner mathematical tiles in Southampton. All the lower edges to the left face are visible. An exposed lower edge , other than the lowest run, at the yellow V.
 Mathematical Tiles, Dolphin Hotel, Southampton

only too obvious slipped ones
 Mathematical Tiles, Dolphin Hotel, Southampton



One that got away, Lower High Street, Southampton
A surviving white mathematical tile remnant only now to be found in the Archaeology Unit, Melborne St (of Jan 2016 in room 19, low pigeon hole racking , 3 bays in , top recess). Label saying SOU266/06, 1960s backfill (WW2 demolition rubble?) into a vault , accession date of 1989. Original site or building unknown but presumably in Lower High St. Most of the fair face of a stretcher tile, and break in the working face so part of the ledge.
 Lower High St, Southampton

Edge section
 Lower High St, Southampton

In 2022 I looked at the roofscape near the Red Lion pub lower High St. Could it have been from a south face of number 56 where a post war building is now. Looking closely ,if bricks they are too smooth and regular for stock bricks and if yellow engineering brick why right up there. There is no tying of the red bricks of the chimney stacks into the yellow bricks/tiles. No definitive signs of MT seen.
 Lower High St, Southampton
a rear view  Lower High St, Southampton
I dropped into the pub and retired local bricky was in there, having done contract laying of new builds in the area. I could not convince him that that were mathematical tiles and he could not convince me they were wire cut bricks. His main argument was all the queen closers must be brick despite me saying white queen closers can be seen in Fareham , at least. My main argument was the smooth appearance, precision laying with less than pencil thick mortar courses. My attempt at over-exposing for lower edges of this course of perhaps slipped MT is not convincing. Too high and distant for a narrow beam torch to illuminate , perhaps someone holding a plain mirror reflecting the sun into there while photographing.  Lower High St, Southampton


49 Bugle St ?
There is nothing I'm aware of in the building records that says the front of this Dutch gable building is mathematical tiles. I'll try giving my evidence, but the whole fun/intrigue of mathematical tile research/detection is its the ability to fool you one way or another with their trompe l'oeil cunning or misrepresentation. Even centuries on the deceipt can remain. I'll never be allowed to excavate into a section of obvious covered-up damage or delve hands on. But if this facade should prove to be mathematical tiles, then it probably means the King's Somborne vicarage frontage is also tile, as also "cobble header" left and right external-angle , header and stretcher external-angle tiles etc. Picture taken deliberately with grazing sun angle, hence shadow. I first "saw" mathematical tiles on this frontage at night with the oblique angled light from the bulkhead lamp PIR unit at the front door. Showing the bulging "cobble" headers of the bricks/tiles, but difficult to film at night. Unfortunately house number 47 projects out 3 foot to the south of 49 so in mid January about noon, not able to get good raking light, I'll return in June about 2pm BST and retake a daylight pic
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, 49 Bugle St
night view with oblique angled light, gives some impression of the cobble-like appearance, but more apparent in real life.
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, 49 Bugle St
1/ Originally timber-framed and earlier than 17C, so more than a hundred years on and tired front elevation perhaps or in-fashion upgrade. Given historic buildings grading in 1953, before non-invasive/non destructive testing was available (ignoring the phantom core sampler vandal of Romsey and Soton, see below)
2/Painted over , maybe to cover over and disguise a large area of gale damaged/nail sickness/bomb blast tile loss
3/Why would a prestige big house construction use second grade/ reject bricks, see Kings Somborne and Ringwood Old Bank. More so because header bond is a weak form of brick bond, especially to 3 stories, again like Kings Somborne. I would not like to own or live in a 3 story house of simple header bond construction, a vertical crack is far more likely to develop than a bond involving mainly stretchers, especially involved with timber-framing. With the supply of mathematical tiles you rarely had any choice in the matter, most were bowed to some extent. This is a false colour , far exagerated contrast , pic of this painted over "brickwork". Sunlight from top left, deepest shadow lower right of many "bricks".
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, 49 Bugle St
I've called them cobble header bricks. I'm not aware of any bricks at any time made with this profile, let alone what they would be called. They are not bullnose, cownose or radial bricks. They would probably require 2 part moulds to release the undercut bulge end. But why make a profile that is so slight that only raking sunlight or night light shows the effect (see Somborne pic). And I'm not convinced it is a regular repeated bulge, for a deliberate cobble-like finish, as some have more like a slight cylindrical bowing. More likely to be due to the common flexing of mathematical tiles, in the green pre-leather stage, due to their relatively thin aspect, like all simple clay roof tiles tend to bow , compared to more chunky brick.
4/ The 3 course string courses are not brick , but stucco/ pargetting like the window lintles and "keystone" protrusions. If the frontage was all brick, why build imitatiobn brick stringing?.
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, 49 Bugle St
close-up of a non-brick string course
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, 49 Bugle St
Showing the underside edge of the "string course" . The bucket-handle incising of the stucco/pargetting is not continued underneath. Also the "bricks" of these courses are dead flat. So covering the exposed internal top faces of each top course of a section of tiles, to reduce possibility of a complete loss of tiles in a wind?. The south end of these string courses stop a foot short of the building to the south, for down pipe ? or disguising a gap between properties ?. Also the upper pic shows a nice area of cobbling/dimpling shading to the right of the window. In close up there, the header curving seems one dimensional, not spherical, like very shallow curve double bullnose bricks.
5/ Shallow or covered reveals to the windows, compatible with MT useage.
6/ The "bricks" under the window sills look bogus, perhaps stucco again , covering the upper section of the tiles.
7/ The window boxes have been placed there since the archives pics of this building around WW2 (air raid shelter ). Perhaps they hide the top sections of the tile courses under the window sills.
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, 49 Bugle St
This c1941 pic seems to show 7 or 8 broken window panes, bomb blast of the house between there and Tudor House in that pic, number 55 ?. The stopped "string course" runs and downpipe run is the same in the 1941 pic, also in 1941 fully painted-over brick/tile/stucco surfaces.
8/ When there is a proven example of mathematical tiles in a street there is often other examples, see Alresford, Basingstoke, Salisbury, Upton Grey. Here we have this house a few houses away from Tudor House.
9/ Lead/zinc flashing/flaunching over the window lintles is consistent with tile useage. As putty , grout or mortar would not form a seal against the wood of the window frame.
Talking to the owner in 2016, the very top "Flemmish" facade is definitely brick, the rest of the front material is unknown, assumed to be brick.

Not very interesting as high up and probably modern brown MT examples on the south side of 50 Bugle St, see pound shop Salisbury and Gosport High St and Corries Cowes. The fillet of render is falling away and one fixing face edge may be exposed. No mortar/putty/grout , so not bricks and the fair faces are planar so not hanging tiles.
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, 50 Bugle St
A new find for 2017, making 6 examples in Southampton. 56 Bedford Place, none of 3 people who work there knew of the tiles.
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, 56 Bedford Place

The patch of wall above the columns contained within the 2 downpipes and hoppers. The first slight indicator of possibly tiles, mangled mess of "brickwork" around the hoppers. Then the colour is more uniform and texture is smoother than the surrounding (County of ) Southampton White (yellow) bricks of the Victorian era. Again no mention in the heritage building records of MT on this Wilton Lodge building. And so to the signs of mathematical tiles. Unfortunately the curve of the bow windows blocks the most straight on view of the left edges, but careful camera positioning just allows enough of an angle-in. Green arrows show the backward rake angled faces in a few places (deliberately over-exposed) and also front on in one place where there is missing mortar.
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, 56 Bedford Place

A close-run thing, The old Farm House, Mount Pleasant Rd, Southampton. Looked on the side elevation , nearest the railway and a plain roof tile had fallen away from the nogging under a collar beam. Not the slabby tudor bricks to the left or herringbone above. The green caret marks a nail hole of a modern plain tile, cut down to fit brick-size, the one to its right shows a nibbled lower edge and the next one is laying on the ground, a modern plain tile. Any old builder would have bunged bricks in there to fill up that gap, but presumably nothing now holding what look like bricks in the layers of the nogging panel below that line of modern tile infil, ie not having the depth of bricks to mortar brickbats onto for support. Modern day repointing mortar in that area, but perhaps around upside down mathematical tiles , like on part of the Cloisters pub in Salisbury. Perhaps modern day clipper-sawed down salvaged old bricks to make brick slips, but intriguing, if that tile was not missing there would be nothing of note. Perhaps an old metal rainwater downpipe wore that vertical groove in the wooden beam and the corresponding ,in-line with it, top suspected tile, ie before the days of diamond edged Clipper saws were available .
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, 50 Bugle St

I made an extending monopod to take a closer pic of that hollow with lime mortar showing under the collar beam, where that fallen tile had been. Well at least my monopod worked. Looks like back in lime mortar days someone made a batch of thin bricks, at about 3x plain tile thickness, too wide a ledge for top or bottom of a mathematical tile. As some of those 2-tone yellowish & pinkish bricks are farther down in the panel , they must all be these thin bricks, except the top course. Despite wind-braces on this timber-framing , perhaps it is unwise to nogging-up totally, leaving a sacrificial course under a beam to allow for movement and breaking the odd tile rather than dislodging a whole panel. From architect Gerald Steer, brick slips were used in the Georgian era where there was shallow space over timberwork, no space for full bricks, so maybe those brick slips in the Old Farmhouse could be Georgian rather than modern intrusions.
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, 50 Bugle St


Someone on one of my talks had seen this in construction about 2015. Well it has a lot of similarity of reasoning and purpose and deceipt of Georgian MT, but I somehow don't expect it to last 200 years. McDonalds drive-through on Shirley High St , Soton  Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, MacDonalds
Large pannels of some replicant material nailed to studding and then "pointed" all over. Perhaps some sort of mineral surface moulded over boards, right colour, right texture even if some striations but that occurs with extruded clay for bricks proper. Looks very convincing , but tap with a knuckle and they sound more hollow than MT. They've found a way round disguising the edges problem eg like here http://www.anticoelements.com/installation_files/Brick7-1.jpg Perhaps the stark white grout/mortar will tone down with age.  Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, MacDonalds
The only give away I could see on any of the 3 faces to the faux-brick section is this , a batch colour mismatch that can occur with bricks of course , but would become randomly distributed by the time of laying. Not just change of colour of "mortar" but vertical line of bricks "A" different to the staggered intermeshed companions "B" , very slight difference but is there, not just an optical illusion from the pointing colour change in much the same area, at another corner.  Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, MacDonalds
A close-up of a "brick"  Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, MacDonalds
2022 new build at corner of High St and East St, student hall
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, East St
Tea break, chatting to the site foreman about the history of Georgian MT, jettied weight saving and being an improvement on wattle and daub , clunch etc. He said what goes around comes around, and the USP of this patent cladding is they allow 50mm of insulation behind the thin outer appearance of brick , rather than for weight saving. Cladding over steel sub-frame
 Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, East St
And post-Grenfell Tower, Vincent's Place student housing tower block in Vincent's Walk , more faux brick. I wonder what the fire-supporting rating of this insulation cladding is. Even the Georgians knew not to use faux brick at ground level and they did not have lorries reversing and careering into their walls, giving the game away. faux brick panels, Vincents Walk , Southampton  Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, Vincents place
faux brick, Vincents Walk , Southampton  Mathematical Tiles, Southampton, Vincents place

Fareham

Yellow "bricks " at 69 High St, Fareham . Red "S" is where there was a missing tile in 2015 and red "A" is the area I tapped with a knuckle for the sound file (vacant property then)
 Mathematical Tiles overall
The missing tile position
 Mathematical Tiles missing tile
and an overexposed photo that shows the brickwork behind is red. Without photographing I could not see the colour by eye.
 Mathematical Tiles, red rear brickwork
What you don't expect for identifying an architectural feature, a sound file. Tapping one knuckle over about 8 tiles in that "A" area, a hollow sound, more like tapping a small thin wooden box like a wooden cigar box, certainly not the dull sound of tapped bricks.
The sound of mathematical tiles
The return from the right of the front elevation showing the tile edges.
 Mathematical Tiles , right return
And lower down on the left return
 Mathematical Tiles, left return
The exposed lower edge of some tiles
 Mathematical Tiles , gap under
similar
 Mathematical Tiles , gap under
Where someone has screwed some of the slipped tiles, back to the underlying. I don't know what the vertical scratch lines are , something to do with builders aligning replacement slips? There is also a nasty scar over a number of tile faces that look like a skittering disc cutter that fell out of a builder's hands.
 Mathematical Tiles , screw+ marks
Looking around the side test, courtesy of Alec Clifton-Taylor (1907-1985) , godfather of mathematical tile appreciation, from when he visited Lewes, Sussex for one of his six more English towns TV progs, on BBC2 07 Oct 1981. A quote from him "part of the fascination of these (mathematical) tiles is that they were not only intended to deceive but succeded in doing so, and still do, often most successfully". Mathematical Tiles never appeared on TV since then, not even on Time Team ever, just a modern variant turned up on "Grand Designs" once. Picture from Youtube version of 4/6 program, showing him in an unfortunately uncredited archetectural salvage yard and surrounded by different sorts of mathematical tiles. Anyone else reckoned, with his inability to hammer a nail in straight, he cracked half a second after a film edit point.? He organised the perhaps only ever symposium on mathematical tiles in 1981, time for another one?. Set in Brighton perhaps , the geographic centre of their occurance. Anyone like to email me with an interest in attending such a convention, and I will keep a log of interested persons.
 Mathematical Tiles Alec Clifton Taylor
A pixieish Alec Clifton Taylor , getting up close and personal with mathematical tiles at first floor level in Lewes. So often examples are not found at ground floor level, in this Lewes case , he was pointing out the exposed edges.
 Mathematical Tiles Alec Clifton Taylor
His first English Towns programme in 1978 , he failed to point out the example at 59 East St, Chichester. Mathematical tiles not so much because of their precise irregular thickness and intricate patterning and interlocking arrangement in 3D but the older Georgian meaning of the term mathematical was scientific precision. A bricklayer has to learn how to progress a wall , using sloppy mortar, maintaining a regular structure in all 3 dimensions as he goes. Mathematical tiles just require a flat backing and an ability to draw a few parallel straight and horizontal lines and the tiles take care of themselves , as the layup,in effect, has been done at the tileworks . It would be possible to construct a full "brick wall" from mathematical tiles in one day as they are held in place by nails, mortar is somewhat incidental, and no reason to let the mortar solidify , like proper brick wall construction, before proceeding upwards. They've always been called mathematical tiles. The earliest newspaper reference I've found is two references in the Times , both of 1836, neither report needed any further explanation of the term for its readers, implying the term was in general useage at that time. One was Atkinson of Southwark (close to Eleanor Coade of coade stone operation) , a supplier's advert and the other of 30 November 1836 reporting fallen and broken mathematical tiles blown off the chapel of the Brighton Pavillion in a recent gale.
 Mathematical Tiles 1836
The physical origin I would go with is fashion for brick came in and these tiles were a way to gentrify or tart-up a tired or failing week elevation to an older building. Perhaps relevant, the Georgian era was the era of follies. Infill of timber framing could be cobb ,clunch, woven oak strips or wattle and daub ,as here featured in Guilder Lane , Salisbury, under perspex cover
 Wattle and Daub , Salisbury
or any insubstantial or water permeable material and getting tired. Tiles instead of brick because a shortage of bricklayers then, requiring much more skill than laying tiles and also much less weight if not from foundations and week underlying wall structure. With precision in the tileworks , then it would possible to get very fine mortar lines in the "brickwork" , so suggestive of the most expensive form of bricks , rubbed and gauged, because of the labour involved in fashioning each brick like that. They would seem to be very difficult to make dimensionally and flatness-stable through drying and firing stages, see the ones on Friends Meeting House,16 Colebrook St, Winchester , somewhat warped. The skill was at the tileworks, not where they were hung. Seemingly the required specialised tilemaking art/skill has been lost over the centuries. The Winchester ones of the 1990s from a company in Sussex. On the rear elevation, to reduce wind-driven damp penetration. As a followup see the Preston Candover and Alresford , examples of new precision made tiles of 1990s/2000s, unknown maker identity so far.

Winchester

 Mathematical Tiles
The original tiles above with giveaway tile apearance in the window reveal, and 20C ones below, to the left of the down pipe.
 Mathematical Tiles
Another Winchester example, suggested a local resident as he'd seen the frontage after a section at the porch had fallen away. As a private house I could not go up and finger tap the wall to hear if a hollow sound, St Johns Croft, Blue Ball Hill.
 Mathematical Tiles
Right side of frontage, hiding behind the down pipe exposed right edges of the tiles and one that has slipped away
 Mathematical Tiles
Left side and left hand edge of one showing after render had fallen off
 Mathematical Tiles
Another revealed section of left edges of tiles, very high up.
 Mathematical Tiles
Carlisle House, Formerly Chernocke House, St Thomas St,Winchester, now an architectural practise. 51°3.603', 1°18.942W .
 Mathematical Tiles Winchester
I have done a bit of repointing and if I was an architect based here, I'd be particularly peeved having to pass through this example every day. Whether the string course on the front , is tiles, unknown but main tiled wall is the left flanking.
 Mathematical Tiles Winchester
Showing the rear face brickwork obviously not tied in to the side "brickwork" as tiles, and some right edges of tiles showing at the left of a window reveal.
 Mathematical Tiles
Again another window reveal.
 Mathematical Tiles

In 2016 it was reported to me by a Winchester local there is another example , 15 and 16 the Square Winchester, London Camera Exchange and Harringtons hairdressers next door.
 Mathematical Tiles, Winchester, the Square
Awkward corner to take pics without a wide-angle lens and all the shop canopies and overhangs. Note the checkerboard pattern of presumably mixing old and new extruded? tiles in a refit sometime.
 Mathematical Tiles, Winchester, the Square
The defining shot, courtesy of the occupant allowing me to hang out and photo through an open upstairs window. Also shows the dentillation.
 Mathematical Tiles, Winchester, the Square
I hope the white painted quoins are made of now warped wood , as you can see the faux-stone is not fully fixed to the wall, shadows showing under the wood panels.
 Mathematical Tiles, Winchester, the Square
Chequer-board effect again and note the metalwork fixing of the floodlight which would usually be fitted to brick walling, here fitted to a window sill.
 Mathematical Tiles, Winchester, the Square
Street level evening view of the signature edges at the window reveal of the camera shop, disguised on the next door ones, and the very rough "brickwork" around the downpipe.
 Mathematical Tiles, Winchester, the Square
A slipped tile from all the pallaver of trying to fix a vintage metal downpipe to a mathematical tiled wall.
 Mathematical Tiles, Winchester, the Square
A new discovery associated with heritage week 2017. A new build health centre at 15 Hyde Street front and rear. I'd passed this building , with close street-view inspection , but not noticed any signs of MT. But the "brickwork" looks too good and being a Saturday I took a closer look. A strange flying roof to the porch pediment. A distant inconclusive clue, non-interleaved "bricks" facade with the adjascent brickwork.
 Mathematical Tiles, Winchester, 15 Hyde Street
rear
 Mathematical Tiles, Winchester, 15 Hyde Street
The most conconclusive signature, a small run of deliberately? unpointed join at the lower right corner, also showing the mastic filled disjuncture withe adjascent brickwork.
 Mathematical Tiles, Winchester, 15 Hyde Street
There are a few marginal tell-tales of the start of the upward "tick" of the internal angle, showing in a few window reveals, green arrow. Pic shows stretcher, header and queen-closers.
 Mathematical Tiles, Winchester, 15 Hyde Street
Exposed lower edges at the porch
 Mathematical Tiles, Winchester, 15 Hyde Street

A possible other Winchester MT site , needs a watch , no defining signs seen so far. Toscanaccio , Parchment St, with 1804? escutcheon, very non-brick looking bricks at upper level and wonky chimney. I'll try an over-exposed pic of the hopper surrounds sometime.

Romsey

There is an internet reference to the Natwest Bank in Market Place , Romsey having mathematical tiles, but I saw no evidence of that. Prior to coming across the Brockenhurst example I'd only seen vertical co-planar forms, but on a cylindrical surface?. Perhaps before the renovations in the 1990s, about 1992, when it was the National Westminster. I suspect someone has confused Market Place and a bank , with the Old Bank House, Market Place, Ringwood, see below. As a followup I got talking to someone who had done full academic research on mathematical tiles and she said the curved sections of the Romsey NatWest bank were tiles. Implying the rest was brick, but if that is the case then there is a perfect colour match between tile and brick , which I would have thought was next to impossible. I suspect there were mathematical tiles there up to the early 1990s "renovations" , I'll try and find a good resolution pre-1990 pic. Now the curved section is probably just slightly curved brick slips , so colour matching the rest of the brick.
A return visit to Romsey and I think I've changed my assessment. Firstly why are the flag-day flag pole mounts fitted to the 2 inch width of wooden window frames and not the more usual fixed to the wall, over a much larger area, and to brick for strength.
 Mathematical Tiles Romsey
From the archives , this pic
 Mathematical Tiles Romsey
Must be after the 1965 conversion of the Romsey postal sorting office to the Westminster Bank (the bank escutcheon/emblazon still in place at the upper level, empty white square now), no mention of tiles in the building plans of that time. The oldworld street furniture , shop names , car types , and carparking around Palmerston would narrow it down. But now grade 1 evidence
 Mathematical Tiles Romsey
I don't know what they are , a few such core sampling holes in these tiles. This one (of about 4 in total , one per bay )near the Market Place sign, made by a building conservation officer? To sight from the pavement, at an angle , 8 foot below this hole, about 14 foot above the pavement, you can see a band of white in the hole. If this were brick then no band of white , from the bedding layer of putty, should be seen at that upwards viewing angle. With the assistance of flash and placing the camera on a tripod with extended but closed legs and all held aloft ,on 10 second timer Upper right , and now as at about 45 degrees instead of 60 or 70 degree , upward angle, and closer it looks as though the corer touched/punctured some dark grey backing material,lead?. I wonder if the owners know that. Another camera trick for taking such pics as these, often pointing upwards and then how to frame , in zoom , when fixed to a tripod, so bringing the view too low to see some features in window reveals etc, but you can see by eye. Make a tube extender to the tripod. Find some bolts and nuts of the size for camera mounts. Find some metal tube and hotmelt a bolt into one end. Cut and flare the other end , to take a nut and jubilee clip around it. Then make an adaptor so the camera can tilt at about 45 degrees and also 90 degrees. Melt a nut and 2 bolts into a block of plastic and hotmelt around, the bolts being at 2 different angles, and some pads of rubber to take up a length of the bolt and brace the camera base. Even so cannot be used in stiff wind, despite 10 second delay on shutter. I've been known to get on a bus for one stop to pass a building to check out from the top deck of a bus. Back from the aside. This area of "brickwork" is in fact mathematical tiles, that band of white putty, of the bedding plane, in the upper part of the hole and only 5mm thickness of front face "brick" . Similar white bands , by sight, for the holes in the curved bays but as a bank , in operation, I did not fancy jigging around with extended tripod and flash in the window areas. Also in that pic external right angle mathematical tiles on that pier, which are rare also. No internal right angle ones though, in the return face of the middle of that pic, just butted tiles and closers . The tiles on the Natwest bank were placed by the (late) David Cox of Romsey mid 1980s with R A Ablett builders of Romsey. From his widow, he had to go on a list of registered Mathematical tile experts,that then only had his name on it, before he was allowed to touch them. Otherwise he had worked on churches and old house renovation. She did not know of the name of the supplier of the new ones, but does have one of the mathematical tiles made for the Natwest bank job, Romsey and remembered there was some sort of logo or impressed name or something on the rear . By comparison a similar coring hole, but lower position, in Cranbury Terrace Southampton, one of about 3 on that building.
 Yellow Brick core sampling
Such yellow brick of the Southampton one could easily be "Hampshire Brick" or (County of ) Southampton Brick, types of mathematical tile that are yellow (New Forest clay) but called white. These are not cavity insulation holes, they are stopped an inch in, but why not plugged with colour matching putty/mastic/mortar? 2017, after my talk in King John's house , a few of us walked down to Middlebridge and the Natwest. ( The mathematical tile in King John House museum is thicker and heavier than the Havant stringer example). Somone with better eyesight noticed something odd about a central tile in the panels of tiling between 2 pairs of first and second story windows. The builders plus one has "signed" their names. Enlarging vertical scale by x2 undoes the foreshortening from veiwing 25 foot beneath. Actually on a header, although foreshortening makes it look like a stretcher. Looks like John Bull stamp pad with 4mm wide rubber block letters, impressed in the leather stage clay. As impressed a bit skew, the top edge of the letter carrier is present. So top row is more recessed than lower edge consequently. The builder was R A ABLETT of Romsey, presumably the top row, with only the tops of the letters showing. "G Bradshaw" was Gordon Bradshaw who oversaw the works in 1992, not the tilemaker. Sometime i'll try again with elevated camera on an extending monopod now I've a camera with gyro-stabilised lens servo. Top image, as on camera and second stretched and contrast etc varied.
 Mathematical Tiles Romsey
Perhaps what is on the tile that Barbara Cox has. Also in close up the window arches , have the texture of moulded brick rather than the extruded appearance of the tiles.
Modern mathematical tiles in a shallow course of 3 "bricks" at the front eaves area in the conversion to Romsey Library, to get over an awkward disjuncture according to a Test Valley buildings conservation officer. Presumably slipped off unstuck tiles on a left edge of a MT string course 3 deep, under the eaves.
 Mathematical Tiles Romsey
Stretcher tiles over headers. 3 strings of MT and the top string angled over, here 5 + 1 still in place and the others having dropped away ,seemingly, leaving just 2 rows. The top flanges , the "fourth" row show the fixing holes, but seem to have been spot glued in place, or not.
 Mathematical Tiles Romsey

 Mathematical Tiles Romsey library
11 Middlebridge St, Romsey, unusually a terraced house, perhaps jettied at one time
 Mathematical Tiles Romsey

 Mathematical Tiles Romsey
Sheet of lead replacing a missing one and one missing/broken/misplaced below, showing the tile side section.
 Mathematical Tiles Romsey
Trying to fix a plastic down-pipe to something that is not brick
While in Romsey, view the Tudor geometric wall painting in the White Horse, Market Place. Go into reception off the carriage passageway , ask to view, and it is in the bar just opposite the reception.
Brockenhurst

 Mathematical Tiles  Brockenhurst
Brick tower base and then mathematical tiled spire to St Nicholas Church. Note there must be variants of the angled quoin tiles as the pitch varies not only between the spire proper and the tiled base , but also within the base itself. Only one type of corner tile made so part of the base does not have matching corner tiles, they bulge outward.
 Mathematical Tiles  Brockenhurst
One missing tile about 30 foot up at the base of the tile spire, lead sheet showing close behind, not brick deep. If there had been no missing tile then I saw no other signature of being tiles.

Ringwood

 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood
Old Bank House, Market Place.
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood
not so clear cut. Otherwise very poor "brickwork " not coplanar, probably multiple "bricks" per tile as there is sometimes a 2 "brick" repeat of the irregulatity, centre of image, proud, recessed, proud, recessed, proud, recessed.
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood
The tile heights are not the same as the brick heights in the window reveals and go out of sync. The obvious overlapping on the tile edges is disguised here by a smear of mortar, the lintels are perhaps pargetting sculpted to look like vertical bricks
Hints of underlying tile edges on the left hand corner
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood
Much better evidence, right hand edge, camera on the ground , looking up, so lower tile edge uppermost in this image and hollow behind.
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood

St Nicholas house (Debra Charity shop), Market Place, Ringwood, built by the Castlemaine of the railway company.
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood
Impossible to see by eye, and very difficult photographically. Not quite Vivian Stanshall and my pink half of the drainpipe, but hidden by the pink drainpipe of next door. Just observable a few edges of the mathematical tiles.
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood
Luckily my visit coincided with some repair to the segmented wood of the portal pillars
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood
And inside the hollow of that wood some rubble , but not of bricks but mathematical tiles, the wedge edges could be seen.
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood
The left edge and top of fair face ledge showing of one
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood
Edge , front fair face, top of fair face ledge and hole in the working face showing of this one
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood
The edge and fair face of another, a punk of wood covering the working face
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood
Mansfield House, Southampton Rd, Ringwood

On much firmer ground with evidence. Originally noticed this building and trigger points, passing on a bus. Appropriately Southampton brick tiles in Southampton Rd. Lower tiling sounds hollow.
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood, Mansfield House
One reveal showing some tile edges, other reveals are finished with corner tiles.
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood, Mansfield House
A broken tile on the right return section.
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood, Mansfield House
A slipped window brick or tile+brick combination perhaps, as there could be joins showing underneath or perhaps colour change from , now gone, under-support.
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood, Mansfield House
Hints of underlying tile edges at the left return edge
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood, Mansfield House
A now greyed spalled tile showing the bright yellow core and perhaps a grey intrusion that caused the weakness.
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood, Mansfield House
The right side return , right edge , the sloping internal face of the tile second up, catching the sunlight as it is protruding beyond its covering tile.
 Mathematical Tiles  Ringwood, Mansfield House

Another possible MT example in Ringwood, not checked out but passes over by me in previous general street inspection, is on the south side of Market Place, Brewers and debra, 4 upper windows and a parapet? above

Lymington
The camera is not lying , some examples do have a slight pinkish tone , otherwise yellow, similar to some of the "harlequin" tiles of the Salisbury Arcade example below. 3 yellow architects colours 2.5Y8/4, 2.5Y9/3, 7.5Y8.5/4 and 2 pink 7.5R8/4 ,5R7/8, for these Lymington ones . This is not a recent retiling from the manager and also from the age of the wisteria, so perhaps colour variation/leeching/efflorescence over time. But after the introduction of pozidrive screws
 Mathematical Tiles Lymington
2 screws per tile, revealed after wind pulling away flashing October 2017.
 Mathematical Tiles Lymington

 Mathematical Tiles Lymington
Wisteria , St Thomas St, Lymington
 Mathematical Tiles Lymington
Convenient camera height of the tile edges.
Thoughtful ways of dealing with attaching heavy ironmongery against MTs, the lamp and
 Mathematical Tiles Lymington
the sign
 Mathematical Tiles Lymington
looks like a wood panel covered in lead sheet , screwed through the tiles into whatever is behind the tiles, then the ironwork screwed to wood block
East End
East End House, East End, south of East Boldre 50°45.841'N, 1°29.217'W . I've included this possible siting again as a thatcher working in Pilley told me about a house in East End as having MT, presumably this one, had been rebuilt.
 Mathematical Tiles, East End
No definite sign of math tiles seen on this east face, or what can be seen of the south and north faces, perhaps on the non-public west face.

Hythe

Prospect Place

 Mathematical Tiles Hythe
The missing "brick" tell-tale in the first image below. Numerous problems in the second. The third , the south elevation a whole section come away and then below the V a vertical series of partially lifted tiles showing a 2 "brick" repeat pattern, also evidenced as a colour change repeat every second brick elsewhere in the images. Perhaps wrong spacing leading to one working face being pitched outwards, so the overlaying tile working face is pitched inwards, alternating upwards.
 Mathematical Tiles Hythe

Stonehill Farm, Fawley in the shadow of Fawley Power Station chimney. South face is normal hanging tiles. From the owner, the house was originally part of the Cadland Estate and he was told by the previous owner that all the tiles had been removed, numbered and replaced in the original posistions.
 Mathematical Tiles, Stonehill ,Fawley
Close up of the left hand of the front west facade and tile edges exposed
 Mathematical Tiles, Stonehill ,Fawley
The underside front edges at the top of a window reveal. Did not check to see if the blistering is from pealing paint or failed glazing coat.
 Mathematical Tiles, Stonehill ,Fawley

Nearby also in the shadow of the power station, included here but probably not tiles, Ower Farm. Although distressed surface , only one hint of tiles and that could be an optical effect in the camera.
 Mathematical Tiles, Stonehill ,Fawley
Hint of black line under a possible lower edge of tiles , high up.
 Mathematical Tiles, Stonehill ,Fawley


Christchurch , Dorset

11 High st, is supposed to be mathematical tiles. Shallow reveals, edges rendered over and no repeats patterning seen.
 Mathematical Tiles Christchurch
Survived blue plaque hanging, and screweyes marked red<, and those for a chair , broken itself, but not recently any of the tiles from wind blowing the chair about or elsewhere. The paint is obviously disguising a lot of missing tiles, patches of rendering under the paint.
 Mathematical Tiles Christchurch
The colour of the tiles under the paint, unless some sort of primer, seems to have been grey

Alton

Lasham House, Lasham
 Mathematical Tiles Alton
the front some distance from the public road, but around the side
 Mathematical Tiles Alton
probably tiles on the left section and brick on the right
No 1 High St, Alton (probably, number 3 is the travel agents to the right , then the museum complex, then this house with no number and next to it 1a in the cut to the left of it). Rendered frontage but to the side next to the museum , tiled elevation.
 Mathematical Tiles Alton
On the rear edge marked with red < you can just about see the angled sides to the tiles, abutting brickwork to the rear
 Mathematical Tiles Alton
close up of an edge
 Mathematical Tiles Alton
close up of where a soil pipe outlet has been punched through a tile overlap
 Mathematical Tiles Alton
There is a Hampshire Mills group pic of mathematical tiles, probably this wall a few years earlier and less paint , not a mill.
 Mathematical Tiles Alton
Possible further example , 2018, in Alton high Street, Number 12. Empty and up for sale so could tap and the left section gave the hollow sound but otherwise no definite visible signature. http://www.diverse.4mg.com/alton_12high_st.jpg , other than if it was brick , you'd be concerned about structural integrity http://www.diverse.4mg.com/alton_12high_st_b.jpg

Chawton

Jane Austen house, Chawton . Incidently a lot of masonry bee activity in evidence, must be the right sympathetic lime mortar.
 Mathematical Tiles Chawton
Right on the principal corner on public view
 Mathematical Tiles Chawton
and a close up of the edges
 Mathematical Tiles Chawton
where some are slipping at the most susceptible place, the lower edge
 Mathematical Tiles Chawton
A revealing reveal, the top showing lower edges and the "sill" made from the internal slope face, verticals are rendered/plastered over.
 Mathematical Tiles Chawton

Selborne

Goleigh Manor,Goleigh Farm Lane, Selborne. Too far from the public road to see if mathematical tiles anywhere.
 Goleigh Selborne

Swanmore
A tip off from someone who was certainly aware of MT, to there being an example in Droxford Rd ,Swanmore, near the extensive orchards for fruit juice. If Hill Place or any of the other nearby old houses, then on the private side of the building. Nothing observed on the drive-way access side of Hill Place or from the road viewing of Hill Farmhouse, Uppper Hill Farmhouse or Hill Cross nearer Cott Lane. Pic of Hill Place
 Hill Place
What is the reason for blanking off the symmetrical fellow of window , on the right of the porch in the main pic, retaining the arch, on the south side of the entrance or nearby blanked off porthole window. ? Pockmarked "distressing" to the coloured mortar? faux brick or tiles, and salvaged? not wire-brushed blackened chimney bricks, no idea why or why the mortar spattering thereabouts. But nothing that would be a signature of mathematical tiles, just all a bit odd. Perhaps my informant saw this area immediately after a gale, since bodged up, or a southern aspect with them. If MT over the complete facade then it would require left and right external corner tiles and Brockenhurst-like 135 degree corner tiles of left and right staggers. A pic on pippaheath.com shows one of the southerly faces with an anomaly of vertical disjuncture to the left of a facade plus more of the black brick/"brick", requires an invite to a wedding reception to check out.
 Hill Place


Droxford

St Clair's Farmhouse, Wickham Rd, Droxford. The owner kindly let me take some pics. Some had fallen off in the 1987 great wind. NE elevation
 Mathematical Tiles Droxford

 Mathematical Tiles Droxford
Southern elevation showing a slipped one
 Mathematical Tiles Droxford
West edge of southern elevation showing tile edges, over a brick lower section.
 Mathematical Tiles Droxford

Hambledon

East Hoe Manor, Soberton. Near Litheys Hanger, set back from public area, with haha. South elevation
 Mathematical Tiles East Hoe
East Elevation
 Mathematical Tiles East Hoe
West Elevation (camera problem , split into 2 sections)
 Mathematical Tiles East Hoe

Petersfield

18 Sheep St, upper level
 Mathematical Tiles Petersfield
A spalled? one
 Mathematical Tiles Petersfield
A bulging section at the top right
 Mathematical Tiles Petersfield
Broken one showing the underlying tile and shallow mortar course
 Mathematical Tiles Petersfield

17 College St, Fir Cottage

 Mathematical Tiles Petersfield

 Mathematical Tiles Petersfield

South Harting

Straying over the border into W Sussex. The Old House, The Street, next to the White Hart pub. Wisteria would seem to be compitible with mathematical tiles, see Lymington, the owner of the Old house makes sure it doesn't start to grow under the tiles
 Mathematical Tiles South Harting
The telltale edge to the right flank.
 Mathematical Tiles South Harting
showing the dendating
 Mathematical Tiles South Harting
showing the fineness of the "brickwork" , narrow pointing/grouting and high degree of coplanarity
 Mathematical Tiles South Harting

Havant

Davies the Chemist, 8 West St, Havant. The owner is quite happy to talk about technical aspects of the tiling. The builders were in at the time of taking the pics. They had maybe discovered evidence of the great fire of Havant, 1760, a layer of ash and melted lead but also contained slate, 2015 suggestion this was the result of a later smaller fire to the side of the building.
 Mathematical Tiles Havant
The pargetting/stucco has fractured and come away in a number of places, taking some of the tiling with it.
 Mathematical Tiles Havant
And again, showing some of the dendate work under.
 Mathematical Tiles Havant
Late 2015 , after renovations, this is the only positive clue to MT on the front. On the left of a window surround, the lower edge of a tile esposed.
 Mathematical Tiles Havant
It is likely the flanking wall is also MT, shown in the 1850s pic below, before the second story was built , making part of that external wall , an internal wall, on which there were still MT in 2015 and still evidence of where the original pitched roof of that single story building in the pic below, was 1855 or so. So those side tiles were earlier than 1855. Sometime I must have a go at this test http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2009/05/20/rspa.2009.0117 "Dating fired-clay ceramics using long-term power law rehydroxylation kinetics" . I've the kiln and thermostat and laboratory scales. Perhaps the core samples taken by the phantom core sampler of Hants, Wilts and Dorset goes off for such tests, enough material in each core for a test, to get a decadal idea of age.
 Mathematical Tiles Havant
This pic , of a stereoscope pair, may show that main and west faces were MT. Note the sleeve of the lad holding a wicker hamper on his head is in a different position in each image, also the curved masques to the images . Could only be 1850s with those stove-pipe hats, curiously same fashion , same time in the USA. Perhaps the shop then White's was druggist and pioneer of photographic processing, and stationer. Originals indexed as P1993.4 , White's druggist , West St, Havant, held at Chilcomb House, Hampshire Museums.
 Mathematical Tiles Havant
And while at it, examples of Fareham style swirly slip striped chimney pots, sergeants, corporals, kernels?
 Fareham chimney pots, Havant
And some in old Redbridge, Southampton, between the station and the Ship pub, on the other side of the road
 Fareham chimney pots, Soton



Mathematical Tiles , part 2




Mathematical Tiles , part 3




Mathematical Tiles , part 4


Mathematical Tiles , part 5